White and black is just a product of the USA slave system.

In Spanish territory they had:

1. Peninsulares (Spaniards born in Spain)
2. Creoles (born in New Spain of Spanish parents)
3. Mestizos (born of Spanish and Indigenous Peoples parents)
4. Indigenous Peoples
5. Enslaved persons (brought from Africa and the Caribbean)

What is considered in a race changes over time. Hell, at times Jews and Irish weren’t considered white. Just dirty “others”. It’s only when the top caste hold on things is challenged do they let others join the ruling group.

The USA was mostly colonized by Germans, Irish, and English. So skin tones are usually much lighter.

Central and South America had a larger indigenous population, and the Spanish/Portuguese colonizers had a bit darker skin, with much more frequent inter racial relationships.

However, the region in question is fucking huge. Don’t expect Mexicans, Columbians, Argentinians to all look the same.

Really Hispanic is more of a cultural category for all things with Spanish Legacy.